The new energy vehicle leader Tesla uses a three-phase induction motor instead of a rare earth permanent magnet motor used in conventional electric vehicles. Electric vehicle (BEV) refers to a vehicle that is driven by a vehicle power source and driven by a motor to meet the requirements of road traffic and safety regulations. As the impact on the environment is relatively small compared to traditional cars, its prospects are widely optimistic, but the current technology is not mature. Working principle: battery - current - power regulator - motor - power transmission system - drive the car (Road). New energy vehicles are mainly divided into two categories: electric and oil-electric hybrids. Among them, oil-electric hybrids are divided into three types: oil-electric hybrid, plug-in hybrid and extended-mix hybrid. The following focuses on the four parameters related to the motor part of the Tesla vehicle parameter configuration table. â— Maximum motor power (unit: kW) Simply put, we can think of the electric motor as a conventional internal combustion engine, so it also has two important parameters - maximum power and maximum torque. Maximum power is the maximum power output that a motor can achieve. This concept is similar to an engine, but the motor has its own power output characteristics. The electric motor is a kind of machine with high energy conversion efficiency. Compared with more than 30% of the internal combustion engine, the electric motor is usually more than 85%, and the higher the power, the higher the working efficiency, and the efficiency of the large motor can reach 98. %. â— Maximum torque of the motor (unit: N·m) This concept is also similar to the maximum torque of the engine. The maximum torque of the motor is not only related to the speed of the motor but also to the power. The biggest characteristic of the motor is the strong torque at low speed. It is based on this point that in the hybrid system, when the vehicle starts or accelerates, the motor can assist and compensate for the engine's dynamic characteristics, thereby improving the vehicle's Accelerate performance. â— Battery support maximum cruising range (unit: km) For pure electric vehicles, medium and heavy hybrid vehicles and extended-range vehicles, they all involve a cruising range in pure electric drive mode. How much is mainly related to the capacity of the battery, the larger the battery capacity, the longer the cruising range. However, in actual situations, due to the influence of the external environment (especially the temperature) and the use of air conditioners and electrical equipment, the cruising range is usually lower than the maximum cruising range marked by the Ministry of Industry or the manufacturer. â— Battery capacity (unit: kWh) Battery capacity is also how much energy is stored in a battery pack. We measure kWh in units of 1kWh, which is what we often call 1 kWh. At present, the domestic ordinary pure electric vehicle battery capacity is usually around 20kWh, so its cruising range is only more than 100 kilometers, while the battery capacity of the 85 and P85 models like the Tesla-MODEL S has reached 85kWh. Therefore, its cruising range can reach more than 400 kilometers. "The Tesla-MODEL S 85 and P85 models have a battery pack capacity of 85 kWh." For hybrid models, the battery pack has a relatively small capacity, and depending on the degree of hybrid power, the battery pack The capacity will also be different. According to the battery capacity, the general oil-electric hybrid is “plug-in hybridâ€. Copyright is owned by the author. For commercial reprint, please contact the author for authorization. For non-commercial reprint, please indicate the source. Two factors that affect the output power of the motor, one is the speed and the other is the torque. The product of the two is high and the power is large. Tesla's motor power is large, and the reason is the same. He has a maximum speed of more than 10,000 rpm and a torque of 600 NM. Of course, his constant torque range is 0 to 5500 rpm. Above is the constant power zone, and the torque increase torque decreases in proportion. So the question becomes how to achieve a high speed of 10,000 rpm in such a small volume and how to provide a high torque of 600 NM? It is easy to achieve 10,000 revolutions on the machine, do a good balance, and use high-speed bearings. What about the circuit? Need a high current through the high frequency and high voltage of the rotor, what concept? About 500Hz, 350V, 1000A, I am talking about the approximate range. The problem is: the pressure is relatively good to solve (in fact, it is a bit difficult), the large current requires a very thick conductive cross section, and the high frequency will have a strong skin effect. This is a contradiction. How to solve Tesla: multi-strand, the shortest coil end, and the high-temperature high-frequency endurance, the corresponding coil, stator heat dissipation, coup is an integrated inverter and asynchronous motor. After the inverter is integrated, the EMC problem is easily solved. Asynchronous motors are easy to drive smoothly and can be driven to high speeds efficiently, which is a distinct advantage over permanent magnet synchronous motors. Because the motor has a rated working speed, higher than this speed requires overvoltage or weak magnetic drive, asynchronous motor weakening is easy, as long as the corresponding excitation current is reduced. Permanent magnet synchronization can also be weakened and requires a corresponding de-energized current. The total current tolerance is limited, so the advantage of asynchronous is obvious. What to do with torque: increase the magnetic field and increase the effective utilization of the magnetic field. How to increase: the deep groove type of the stator and rotor, increase the magnetic permeability section, and the consistency of the rotor magnetic field, reducing the loss of the end (they have a patent description). Copper rotor? More is to increase the torque by increasing the magnetic permeability section. The maximum torque is not increased simply by reducing the rotor conductor resistance. Then there is another factor: the integrated controller and motor design, the motor can run at maximum torque, and our usual asynchronous motors are rated for less than 50% of the maximum torque. Comprehensive: The speed has been increased by 4 times and the torque has been increased by 4 times. Overall, it is amazing.
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